Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate a product of the oxidation of trimethylamine is considered as a protein stabilizer that may serve to counteract urea the major osmolyte of sharks skates and rays.

Phenibut (hydrochloride)?is a GABA mimetic that acts as an agonist at GABAB receptors, blocks α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channels, stimulates dopamine receptors, and inhibits the actions of β-phenethylamine.

Telocinobufagin is the major endogenous digitalis-like factor.